Software - 1632 Words

Principle of Software Engineering Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Boehms First Law 4 Boehms Second law 5 Conways law 5 Parnas Law 6 Corbatà ³ Law 7 Observation 8 Theory 9 Law 9 Question 3 10 Law 11 References 12 Abstract The purpose of the study is to show the capability to understand the set of laws that are the part of principles of the software engineering. In this paper, it is discussed that there are many laws related to the software engineering but only few of them are to be addressed. Boehm first and second law, Conway’s laws, Parnas laws Corbato law were discussed with examples. There are two relationship processes that are also discussed,†¦show more content†¦For instance, Science Applications International Corporation developed special software package that would be send to 250 to 500 field personnel and team according to organizational structure. The software will be further transferred to the organizational employees as per the departmental structure. Parnas Law David Parnas develop the Law of Hiding the information in Modular Programming. The types of thing are hidden is the information in the modular programming. When the design decision changed, they are hidden through the programming to protect the other parts from the general alteration. In other words, it also states that information hiding is the aptitude to avoid positive aspect of class from being available to its client by using other programming features. For example, Adabas developed dedicated software using a programming language known as Natural. The software allowed the agents and clerks to use it for basic purposes only. However, more advance usage of the program was hidden from the low-level support and only expert programming agents had the access to this software. When you change something, the main risk should appear in the software development process, the code is changed through the shifting process and the design decision should change the interface as well as the whol e backhand process (Merz et.al, 2014). Corbatà ³ Law Productivity and reliability rely upon the length of a program’s content, free of dialect level utilization.Show MoreRelatedSoftware Requirements : The Software1388 Words   |  6 PagesSoftware requirements: †¢ The software have a very user friendly interface. This will help the user make proper utilization of the software. †¢ A proper debugging method must be set up so as to ensure the prevention of all bugs. The lesser amount of the bugs, the better more efficient the software works. †¢ The coding involved should be accurate and critical. It is because of the fact that when the software is on the verge of modification, it’ll be easy to finally work on the software. Software definitelyRead MoreSoftware Engineering : Computer Software1130 Words   |  5 PagesCS 2401: Software Engineering 1 University of the People Term 2 (2016-2017) November 15/2016 1. As software becomes more pervasive, risks to the public become an increasingly significant concern. In your own words, develop a realistic scenario where the failure of software could do great harm to humans (economically or otherwise). As we recognized and questioned of the first report thatRead MoreSoftware And Software Engineering : Software1843 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 1 Software And Software Engineering Chapter 1 is about a lot of various topics. It starts off with a comical story at the beginning telling the readers that Software is dead this is of course far from true. This is used as a way to capture the reader s attention as well as describe how the history of software distribution has developed over time. The chapter proceeds to describe commonly asked questions of programmers like Why does it take so long to get a software finished orRead MoreSoftware Reliability Of Software Standards1116 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware reliability is dynamic stochastic. Unlike hardware, software does not age, wear out or rust, unreliability of software is mainly due to bugs or design faults in the software. The exact value of product reliability is never precisely known at any point in its lifetime. The study of software reliability can be categorized into three parts: Modeling, Measurement improvement. Many Models exist, but no single model can capture a necessary amount of software c haracteristics. Software reliabilityRead MoreSoftware Standards And Software Testing872 Words   |  4 PagesSoftware is created with programming language and it contains the tools, compiler, editor and so on. Computer is one type of hardware that can reads all the software. Software is one type of program which is developed by developer which is enables to computer to perform a correct and particular task. When the program has been finished then it is required to compile in to language for the understanding of the computer. Software testing is the one type of procedure of secure that the products whichRead MoreSoftware Architecture and Software Design 2053 Words   |  8 Pages1.Introduction Scenario A software design must be produced to support a number of self-service stations for a small supermarket (stand-alone, not part of a national chain). This will involve interaction with various hardware devices, the main aim is to design and evaluate a suitable architecture and at least a simple demonstration mock-up of the system should be implemented. The aims and business drivers of the project are to: †¢ Develop a self service system that is safe and usable usingRead MoreSoftware Testing : What Is Software?1900 Words   |  8 PagesSoftware Testing What is Software Testing? Software Testing is a process in which computer softwares are tested to see if they produce the results that they are expected to produce. It is a process of executing a program with the intention of finding software bugs. It provides us with information about the quality of the system/product/software we are testing. Testing can determine the correctness of the software under observation based on the system requirements but it cannot identify all the defectsRead MoreSoftware Evolution And Software Development1521 Words   |  7 PagesA software project manager is responsible to manage software development, delivery, change control requests, predict software development costs, refactoring of codes, and maintenance costs once software system is deployed. There are four software development activities in the software development processes. Software evolution is one of them. Software evolution is a software development process activity in which the software is modified to reflect chang ing customer and market requirements. The flexibilityRead MoreSoftware For Software Development Life Cycle1366 Words   |  6 PagesSDLC models which stands for Software Development Life Cycle. Apart from these, there are three more models which are: Iterative model, Spiral Model, Big bang model. There are audits and Inspections for the quality assurance so that it can be examine the all the related products so that and other stuff which involves with the software testing. Testing Types/ Techniques Software testing is used to identify the precision extensiveness and quality of development software. It also includes the setsRead MoreSystem Software Application Software3773 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...P.2 2) Identify Software Categories 1. Definition of System Software†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.P.3-4 2. Definition of Application Software†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.P.5 3. The difference between system software and application software†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..P.6-7 3) Two examples of system software and the benefits 1. Microsoft Windows 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P.8-12 2. Mac OSX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P.13-14 4) Two examples of application software and the benefits 1. Excel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Slave Trade - 1310 Words

Brutalization of the Slave Trade In the 1600s, slavery played a significant role in European history. The negative aspects that made up the dark times in history are, mainly centered on the brutalizing effects of the enslaved people, which can be best explained by the destroyed family bonds, history of the enslaved people erased, and unjust treatment of the slaves. Olaudah Equiano, a former slave and abolitionist, was born in 1745, part of the Igbo tribe. He served as a slave for many years all over the world, until he bought out his freedom in 1767. After that, he pushed for the abolition of the slave trade and civil rights until the end of his life. In Equiano’s life, there were three ways a person became a slave. Either by a tribe†¦show more content†¦They shed no tears as the mothers wept in heartache that they could no longer embrace their beautiful children. Consequently, as soon as the men and women became slaves, their traditions, values, cultures, and identities vanished. Although, before Equiano involuntarily gave his life away, he spoke of such dignity of his people, the Eboe. His brethren thrived harmony, compassion, and loyalty. They were â€Å"a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets†, and never ceased an opportunity to celebrate a triumphed battle, marriage, or blessing of their Creator (Equiano, 34). Their dancing was organized into four groups of people from the village, and individual group would â€Å"represent some interesting scene of real life, such a great achievement, domestic employment, a pathetic story, or some rural sport† (Equiano, 34). For that reason, provided more variety to the dances. In addition, instruments were also used to give the ritual a new liveliness. For example, musical instruments like drums, guitars, and xylophones were greatly played. All of the important and sacred values and trad itions of these people were obliterated when they became slaves. As soon as the stepped onto the boats, they were immediately given a new identity, and told to forget their old one. Soon, over seven million slaves would be taken across world, forced into intense labor until death. Seven million identities would be erased, and leaving behind countless traditions,Show MoreRelatedThe Slave Trade852 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the transportation use of the asientistas, the slave trade was constantly changing and integrated with the whole Atlantic economy. From 1595 to 1773, a total of 648,688 slaves, or an annual average of 3,381 slaves every year for the 178 years of trade. However, as with many economic understandings and studies changes are more important than the totals. Therefore, the changing sources of supply and destinations are of more importance. With Spanish records, the Guinea of Cape Verde and theRead MoreSlave Trade1417 Words   |  6 PagesAfricans who have came to Ame rica were slaves who were purchased through the international slave trade. White colonists viewed Africans as uncivilized and ‘turned to the international slave trade to fill their labor needs.’ The white English settlers knew nothing of any other culture; people were thought to be white or Christian, anything else was ‘uncivilized’. Slavery served for two purposes; a labor system and racial control in a white country. The slave trade was important in building the colonialRead MoreAfrican Slaves And The Slave Trade995 Words   |  4 PagesAtlantic slave trade was at its peak. Many believe that only Europeans benefited from having Africans as slaves, but they are wrong. Africans of different tribes would destroy settlements, capture the villagers, and sell them at the market as they were a baked good at a farmer’s market in today’s society. Europeans and Africans both played a major role in the slave trade and are both to blame for the capturing and selling of African slaves. African’s played a much bigger role in the Atlantic Slave tradeRead MoreA Slave During The Slave Trade977 Words   |  4 Pagesto others, deserve it not for themselves (Chandler).† However, the question must be begged: what is slavery, and how much do people really know about some of the tragic stories that occurred during that time period? Olaudah Equiano was a slave during the slave trade who wrote an autobiography about his experiences with said topic. After being enslaved for ten years, he finally could afford to buy his freedom and become an anti-slavery activist. His text explains his trek across oceans in a ship withRead MoreSlavery And The Slave Trade Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of the domestic slave trade because of the need for slaves in the tobacco planting lands. Many landowners and planters looked towards the Chesapeake area to seek for slaves. Many slave owners started looking towards that region because the International Slave Trade had been bloc kaded off. The domestic slave trade began something different; where African Americans were moved to a new location either through being sold or being transferred. Because of the desperate need of slaves in order to earnRead MoreAfrican Slaves And Slave Trade1880 Words   |  8 PagesSlaves and slave trade has been a paramount part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very consequential part of its development. It even carried on to virtually 200 years of Coalesced States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was a paramount part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangularRead MoreThe Trade Of The Atlantic Slave Trade3341 Words   |  14 Pages The Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most of the slaves were taken from West Africa, but the trade also affected other parts of the continent. By the end of the trade, it became the biggest human migration to date. Generally, we know a lot about the effects slavery had in the New World, but we have less information on how the slave trade affected African societies. Although there were no scholars which contested the harm the slave trade caused, howeverRead MoreThe Terrible Trade Of The Slave Trade2289 Words   |  10 PagesThe Terrible Trade Screams for relief, cries for comfort, and moans for death all revolved around the slave trade. The slave trade is an event that not only impacted Africa, but the whole world. This essay will explain how cultures were ruined and families were torn apart. The slave trade has influenced history worldwide because it has impacted countries economically, socially, and politically. The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. Legs of the triangularRead MoreThe Terrible Trade Of The Slave Trade2324 Words   |  10 PagesTerrible Trade Screams for relief, cries for comfort, and moans for death all revolved around the slave trade. The slave trade is an event that not only impacted Africa, but the whole world even still today. This essay will explain how cultures were ruined and families were torn apart. The slave trade has influenced history worldwide because it has impacted continents economically, socially, and politically. The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. TheRead MoreThe Politics Of The Slave Trade1703 Words   |  7 PagesPolitics of the Slave Trade: Art Engaging Eighteenth-Century Audiences with the Abolitionist Movement Ella Ottaviano The rise of the abolitionist movement in the late eighteenth century, created a platform for artworks to be used as arguments for the abolition of slavery. Artworks during the Enlightenment employed a variety of visual techniques to emotionally engage their audiences with the politics of the slave trade and to elicit a sympathetic response from the viewer towards African slaves, strengthening

Words of Wisdom free essay sample

Words of Wisdom The Alchemist Words of Wisdom Words can have a significant impact in one’s life; it can serve as the greatest happiness or one’s greatest burden. In the novel The Alchemist, by Paulo Coelho, words of wisdom act as a comforting force that gives admonition to those in need of it. â€Å"The hand that wrote it all,† illustrates a mysterious force that compels Santiago to follow his dreams and pursue his greatest happiness; to travel without limits. Furthermore, the importance of maintaining balance allows Santiago to take notice of the world and acknowledge all of its omens. The eminence of trusting the heart’s wishes, and having the courage to follow those dreams and act upon it, takes a grand toll as one of the most heartfelt passages within Santiago’s journey. As Santiago makes his way to his Personal Legend, words of wisdom inspires him to follow his dreams, listen to his heart and take notice of all the little things in life to maintain balance in all that he does. We will write a custom essay sample on Words of Wisdom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maktub is a simple yet memorable phrase that has contributed to Santiago’s pursuit of his Personal Legend. It is a simple phrase that allows Santiago to understand that everyone is created by the same hand and that there is a universal language that could be understood without the need for words. Maktub evokes a theory that God has a plan for all living things; that everything happens for a specific reason. Often â€Å"we are afraid of losing what we have, whether it‘s our life or our possessions and property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the histories of the world were written by the same hand† (Coelho 78). It becomes evident that with the presence of God in Santiago’s life, he is comforted with the knowledge that despite the suffering, God will not abandon him. He begins to understand that â€Å"all things are one† (Coelho 46) and somehow, all souls are intertwined and connected in a way that is unimaginable or that cannot be explained. A prominent example was when Santiago fell in love with Fatima, the woman of the desert. â€Å"There [was] only that moment and the incredible certainty that everything under the sun has been written by one hand only. It is the hand that evokes love, and creates a twin soul for every person in the world† (Coelho 95). It is his sense of intuition, the ability to understand another without the need for words, which leads Santiago to recognize that he was destined to be with Fatima. The hand that wrote it all†, allows Santiago to see that there is a mysterious force guiding him along his journey; however, it is him that makes the decisions that determines the outcome. To acknowledge and appreciate the world’s wonders without failing to remember our roots, is a given gift that that one must obtain to fully grasp the full meaning of happiness. As Santiago embarks on his journey, he came upon an abrupt encounter with a mysterious man that called himself the King of Sale m. As this man tells Santiago about the fable of the â€Å"oil and the spoon†, Santiago discovers that the moral of the story has much in relation to himself. It carries a message that â€Å"the secret to happiness is to see all the marvels of the world and never to forget the drops of oil on the spoon† (Coelho 34). The depth of these words carry an inevitable message that although admiring the beauty of the world and recognizing God’s presence within it is truly essential, Santiago must not allow his origin escape from his memory. He becomes aware of the fact that he must not dwell too much on the past and that â€Å"he [cannot] be hasty, nor impatient. [That] if he [pushes] forward impulsively, he [could] fail to see the signs and omens left by God along his path† (Coelho 91). The advice of the seer reinforces this idea, for he believes that, â€Å"the secret is here in the present. If you pay attention to the present, you can improve on it. And if you improve on the present, what comes later will also be better† (Coelho 104). Along with this lesson, Santiago acknowledges the fact that the present is something to be treasured and to be viewed precious for it carries life’s inner beauty. To continue on his journey, Santiago maintains balance in all that he does, whether it is to pursue his dream without forgetting who he is, or to appreciate one’s present. Listening to one’s heart becomes one of life’s greatest lessons towards the end of the novel. It is a task that is proven to be hard to accomplish due to the fact that the perpetual enemy that goes against the idea of listening to one’s heart is rationalization. Santiago experiences this agitation as he exclaims that â€Å"[his] heart is a traitor† (Coelho 130) for the fact that although he wants to continue his Personal Legend, a part of himself is â€Å"afraid that, in pursuing [his] dream, [he] might lose everything [he has] won† (Coelho 130). This part of Santiago is his logic; the part of himself where he superficially creates reasons for himself and eventually making it so that â€Å"there is only one thing that makes a dream impossible: the fear of failure† (Coelho 143). Santiago fails to realize that the first glimpse of what he desires is usually the right one, and that the later ones are usually polluted with reason. The alchemist advises him to â€Å"tell [his] heart that the fear of suffering is worse than suffering itself. And that no heart has ever suffered when it goes in search of its dreams, because every second of the search is a second’s encounter with God and the eternity† (Coelho 132). Santiago obtains the knowledge that no happiness can be achieved without having to face challenges in one life. He grows to understand that although it is difficult to listen to the heart, without the mind the interfering, the heart â€Å"knows all things, because it came from the Soul of the World, and it will one day return there† (Coelho 129). The alchemist explains the fact that the heart is a gift itself from God for it teaches one how to love and be loved, therefore it understands one’s innermost thoughts best. With Santiago’s development as a character, he soon learns to trust his heart, to understand it, and recognize what it desires. As Santiago’s journey progresses, he understands that to follow one’s dream, maintain balance in one’s life, and to follow one’s heart are all words that he must live by to truly acquire the most desired thing by man; happiness. With maktub, Santiago grasps the fact that although God’s presence is always accompanying him and that God will never fail to guide him in his time of need, it is himself that makes the important decisions that will carry him to places that he has never dreamed of. Santiago also begins to understand the significance of maintaining balance, as it allows oneself to recognize the little things in life that makes life interesting and to never lose sight of one’s origins. Overall, listening to one’s heart makes a definite mark on Santiago’s life as it teaches him to trust his heart despite whatever his mind may say, and to understand that sometimes it is the risks in life that can make one the most happiest. Words can truly have an impact on one’s life, as it carries messages that could be held close to the heart. Work Cited Coelho, Paulo. The Alchemist. New York: Harper Collins, 1998.