The Ebola Virus Essay Example For Students

The Ebola Virus Essay The Ebola VirusThe Ebola virus (family Filoviridae) responsible for a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever; outbreaks in primates as well as in humans have been recorded. The disease is characterised by extreme fever, rash, and profuse haemorrhaging. Fatality rates range from 50 to 90 percent. (1) Ebola was regarded as an epidemic in 1976 when it was discovered along the Ebola River in Zaire. The outbreaks moved throughout Zaire and The Sudan. In 1995 there was another epidemic in Zaire which resulted in hundreds of deaths as did the earlier epidemics. (2) People who contracted the Ebola virus will notice symptoms 4 16 days after they contract the virus. An infected person will suddenly be hit by severe headaches, muscle aches and loss of appetite. Within a few days the virus causes a condition know as disseminated intravascular coagulation. This condition is marked by both blood clots and haemorrhaging. In the case of Ebola fever, clots are concentrated in the liver, spleen, brain, and other internal organs, forcing capillaries to bleed into surrounding tissue. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea with blood and mucus, conjunctivitis, and sore throat soon follow. A maculopapular rash (discoloured elevations of the skin) appears on the trunk and quickly spreads to the limbs and head. The patient is then beset by spontaneous bleeding from body orifices and any breaks in the skin, such as injection sites, and within the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and internal organs. Death is usually brought on by haemorrhaging, shock, or renal failure and occurs within 8 to 17 days. (3) Like most viruses, Ebola is usually carried by animals, especially rodents. Ebola can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, body fluids, and possibly urine and respiratory secretions. The virus has also been detected in the organs of patients after recovery from the fever. Unsanitary conditions and lack of adequate medical supplies have been a factor in the spread of the disease. (4) As of yet there is no known cure or treatment for the Ebola Virus. Current therapy consists of maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and administration of blood and plasma to control bleeding. The spread of the virus can be contained by barrier nursing, handling of infected blood and tissue in isolated laboratory units, and proper decontamination of reusable equipment. (5) There were no statistics available on the Ebola Virus but for each outbreak there has been, at least 300+ people have died each time. We will write a custom essay on The Ebola Virus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (6) Ebola is usually passed through contact with infected blood and body fluid. In some cases the virus has become airborne but has been contained. (7) If you are not living in Zaire near the Ebola river the chances of you contracting Ebola are so remote it isnt even worth considering. But if you did contract it while on a holiday in Africa, the best thing would be to keep away from everyone and ring health authorities as soon as possible.

Drugs Abuse And Rehabilitation Among Teenagers Social Work Essays

Drugs Abuse And Rehabilitation Among Teenagers Social Work Essays Drugs Abuse And Rehabilitation Among Teenagers Social Work Essay Drugs Abuse And Rehabilitation Among Teenagers Social Work Essay Due to the earnestness of drugs maltreatment and the authoritiess serious concern on drug trial in school, this research investigates the positions on the grounds of drugs maltreatment and rehabilitation among adolescents in Hong Kong. A questionnaire is collected from 109 adolescents aged from 13 to 22. It focuses on the adolescents sentiment and cognition about drugs maltreatment and rehabilitation. The findings show that adolescents largely know the status of drugs maltreatment in Hong Kong, every bit good as its consequence on drug maltreaters. Apart from the knowledge on drugs maltreatment, the grounds and the ways of drugs maltreatment are besides known good. However, it leads a inquiry Why do adolescent drug maltreaters still take drugs even if they know the consequence of drug maltreatment? It is believed that there are some external and internal influences which are strongly impacting those adolescent drug maltreaters. Besides, the HKSAR authorities should take some actions to cover with such serious job and supply aid to those drug maltreaters. Introduction Drug maltreatment is ever a popular job discussing everyplace, and now it is being more and more serious among adolescents in Hong Kong. Harmonizing to the Hong Kong Legislative Council Secretariat, the figure of reported drug maltreaters has bit by bit increased from 13252 to 14175 between 2006 and 2008 and there are extra one tierce of drug maltreaters with ages lower than 25 in 2008 ( Legislative Council Secretariat 2009 ) . It is a distressing status towards our society. After looking into the job, it is found that there are tonss of factors which make a individual falling into the trap of drug maltreatment. The major grounds of young person to be drug maltreatment included peer influence ( to place with equals ) , wonder, alleviation of boredom/depression/anxiety, seeking euphory or centripetal satisfaction, and avoiding uncomfortableness of its absence ( Legislative Council Secretariat 2009 ) . It seems that the job can non be wholly solved by stamp downing drug traffic merely. At the recent period, due to the earnestness of drug maltreatment in school, HKSAR authorities tries to present schools drug trial in TaiPo territory. It aims at happening out the adolescent drug maltreaters who want to acquire aid from others. After the first phase of the program, Government claims that it is effectual on constructing a no drugs environment inside school, and wants to present this program towards whole Hong Kong. However, this program is criticized that it does non hold complete back uping steps to assist those adolescent drug maltreaters ( China News 2010 ) . It needs non to be uncertainty that covering with the job of drug maltreatment is a long-run program. The grounds and factors must be to the full understand before set up the strategy which truly can assist those adolescent drug maltreaters. Otherwise, drug maltreatment will turn into an endless job in Hong Kong. Methodology Our intent is to analyze the grounds of drugs maltreatment and rehabilitation among adolescents in Hong Kong. The study was conducted at HKUSPACE campus, every bit good as the cyberspace. A entire figure of 109 questionnaires were collected within October. We had indiscriminately selected adolescents aged from 13 to 22 as our respondents. Since the study has been conducted at HKUSPACE campus, hence, the information is chiefly collected from university pupils and senior pupils ( see figure 1.1 ) . As the same ground as above, due to the topographic point where the study takes portion, our respondents largely belong to the group of age from 19 to 22 ( see figure 1.2 ) . It may besides demo that most of our respondents are large plenty to understand the content of study, which can assist the truth of the study consequences. The questionnaire chiefly focuses on the adolescents sentiment and cognition about drugs maltreatment and rehabilitation. There are besides some inquiries which ask about the status of drugs maltreatment in Hong Kong. It helps to understand whether adolescents are paying close attending to their environment. Furthermore, adolescents may non state the truth on some inquiries. For illustration, they may non state genuinely whether they know any their friends or schoolmates have taken drugs, since they may afraid that they will acquire problem if they answer yes . Therefore, those type of inquiries are treated as mention stuff merely which help to analyse the consequences. Beside the study, the information is besides collected from cyberspace and printed books. Due to the assortment of beginning, cyberspace is a great platform to seek for a big sum of information. Inside the books, more accurate and elaborate information can be found. Those are the grounds that why cyberspace and books are chosen to be the database of the research. Discussion Adolescents Positions on the Reasons of drug maltreatment Introduction to Drug Abuse Defined by the WHO ( World Health Organization ) a Drug can be any substance, which can come in a life being and modify one or more of its maps. If the drugs are used for intents other than the prescribed recommendation, it can be called Drug Abuse. The assorted names for Drug maltreatment are Drug dependance, Harmful drug usage, and Psychoactive substance usage upset ( Medindia ) . Addiction is normally defined as the uninterrupted, compulsive use of a drug despite the user and the society may do physical or psychological injury ( Vivek ) . Drug maltreatment is non wholly the duty of the drug nut. The chief factor is drugs itself contain habit-forming chemical that does nt allow you withdrawal from them ( Peloski ) . The effects caused by drug maltreatment can be divided into three chief parts: Physical, Psychological and Social effects. Higher Hazard of undertaking infective disease, Loss of consciousness and destroy relationships with equals or household can be the possible illustrations ( Youth Mental Health Promotion Programme ) . Reasons Our subject is the adolescents positions on the ground of drug maltreatment. However, adolescents may non cognize the existent instance in the grownup society. Therefore, to be more realistic, the study is conducted by inquiring their positions on the factors of youth drug maltreaters and here is the consequence: Peer Pressure Sing the consequence of questionnaire, Figure 2.1, equal force per unit area and wonder are the chief grounds of taking drugs which are voted by 68 and 66 out of 109 respondents severally. Majority of respondents believed that equal force per unit area is the chief ground. It is because equals to a great extent influence the pick of taking drugs ( Rea and Curtis 2008 ) . Teenagers care about their image and besides are disquieted about what others think about themselves. Therefore adolescents will coerce themselves to make something to suit in with the group. If one s equals have drugs abuse, the adolescent who does non take drugs will be labeled as out-of-date and be isolated from them. As the consequence, they take drugs in order to stay or go a member of a group. Curiosity The 2nd highest rated ground in our statistics is wonder. Adolescents are funny and eager to seek new experiences. They besides like to cognize the facts, gustatory sensations and feelings of taking drugs so that they may inquire inquiries about how to utilize drugs and so articulation equals who are utilizing drugs ( Ava 2010 ) . These adolescents are non forced by others but themselves. This factor ever drives adolescents to seek the first drugs. Family Problems Voted by 45 out of the 109 adolescents, the ground of deficiency of fond regard to parents tonss rank three in the statistics. Furthermore, another ground, holding helter-skelter place environment, besides related to job of household hiting rank four with 41 respondents. One of the most common grounds of drug maltreatment is precisely Family jobs ( Davidson 2010 ) . This state of affairs is occurred often particularly in younger coevalss ( Davidson 2010 ) . Since they may non hold the authorization to voice at place and they do nt cognize what they can make, they may seek to utilize drugs to bury about the strivings and adversities that they are traveling through in their households ( Davidson 2010 ) . However, taking drugs can non avoid happening of the jobs ( Melinda Smith, M.A. , and Joanna Saisan 2010 ) . Drugs may convey you a better feeling in short-run, but you will still be low self-esteem, anxiousness, solitariness, or unhappy in household life in long-run. The effects and j obs caused in physical, psychological and societal by drug maltreatment may be extra the original job that you are get awaying from ( Melinda Smith, M.A. , and Joanna Saisan 2010 ) . Decision From the above consequences, grounds of adolescents taking drugs can be separated into three factors which are community, personal and household factors ( Rea and Curtis 2008 ) . Furthermore, our statistics on the grounds of taking drugs are co-occuring to the information from Hong Kong Legislative Council Secretariat. The major grounds are equals influence, wonder and alleviation of anxiousness from household jobs. Rehabilitation of Drug Abuse Presents rehabilitation plans Because of new cognition about drug maltreatment, extra and comprehensive intervention methods have been developed. Identifying addicted single and bar of drug dependance are more focussed in rehabilitation plans. Treatment plans seem to be specialized to different methods for different populations, such as striplings, grownups, persons and groups. Furthermore, plans make usage of a assortment of therapy agents, for illustration, physicians, nurses, psychologists, retrieving nuts or societal workers ( Sussman A ; Ames 212 ) . Figure 2.2.1: A therapy procedure flow chart from Sussman and Ames ( 2001 ) . Cardinal basicss of rehabilitation for striplings and emerging grownups Brannign, Schackman, Falco, A ; Millman ( cited in Sussman A ; Ames 219 ) , created a list of nine cardinal basicss of effectual drug maltreatment intervention for striplings. First, plan should include extended appraisals covering psychological and medical issue, larning disablements, household operation, and other Fieldss of the adolescents lives. Second, plan should cover with all angles of adolescents lives, for case, household, school, and societal activities. Third, Parents are necessary to be involved in the plan. Forth, developmental differences between grownups and adolescents should be considered. Fifth, the plan should set up a clime of believe, which is a important component to prosecute adolescents in intervention. Sixth, the intervention staff should fit with cognition of stripling development, co morbidity issues, and substance maltreatment. Seventh, the plan should be able to manage the different demands of adolescents. Eighth, plan should include aftercare progra ms. Finally, plan should besides include stiff assessments for implementing intervention services. Harm Decrease Erickson ( cited in Sussman A ; Ames 223 ) stated that injury decrease emphasizes to understand a personal s ability to modulate his or her behaviour. The common construct of injury decrease is to relieve harmful effect of substances dependance and diminish person s hazard of injury to self or others ( Duncan et. al. , Marlatt, Somers, A ; Tapert, Pentz, Sussman, A ; Newman, cited in Sussman A ; Ames 223 ) . For illustration, utilizing dolophine hydrochloride alternatively of mistreating drugs is being used as a harm decrease plan in Hong Kong. This intervention is called dolophine hydrochloride intervention which aims to promote drug maltreaters to instance substance maltreatment and avoid the spreading of contagious disease like AIDS during injection. General Rehabilitation in Hong Kong Harmonizing to the information provided from Narcotics Division, Security Bureau, Hong Kong has offered different types installations and plans to different drug maltreater. Basically, reding plan which have medical support service and aid to purchase psychoactive medical specialty and residential drug rehabilitation plan are provided to psychotropic substances Abusers. For diacetylmorphine maltreater, every bit same as psychotropic substances Abusers, authorities besides have reding plan and particularly offer a Out-patient Methadone Treatment Program helping these maltreater to rehabilitate with the aid of societal worker and psychologist. Furthermore, the service and plan mentioned above are voluntary to fall in as the basis of rehabilitation are the maltreater themselves. Apart from Hong Kong authorities, Society for the Aid and Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers is one of the celebrated rehabilitation centres. It has a plan merely for female or adolescents. They aim to assist drug maltreater to reconstruct their life span and a normal household life. In add-on, the individual who is sentenced or in prison are compulsory to hold placement strategy clasp by Hong Kong Corrections Services. Rehabilitation for adolescent in Hong Kong Adolescent may be a group of being drug addicted easy because of wonder. Actually, the HKSAR have conducted many research about the job of adolescent drug maltreatment and the method of bar and rehabilitation, such as The 2008/09 Survey of Drug Use among Students which to acknowledge the pupil s cognition and attitude of drug maltreatment. The newest is The Fifth Three-year Plan on Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation ServicesA in Hong Kong ( 2009 2011 ) to look into which drug intervention and rehabilitation services should utilize in following three twelvemonth. Except the authorities section, some voluntary organisation or private rehabilitation centre besides have rehabilitation plans. Zheng Sheng College organized by Christian Zheng Sheng Association Limited is one of the organisations assisting the adolescent who had been drug maltreater. During the period of intervention, societal workers and psychologist play an of import function. They improve the patient s psychological wellness as their remedy to assist them to return a normal life. Decision In this research, we chiefly analyze the positions on the grounds of drugs maltreatment and rehabilitation among adolescents in Hong Kong. The study has shown their basic cognition of drugs maltreatment and collected their sentiments on rehabilitation. Through the questionnaire, we know that whether adolescents understand the grounds of taking drugs and the ways to acquire drugs. We besides find out that whether adolescents know the demands when a drug maltreater is under recovery intervention, or if they feel acceptable if a rehab centre is located near them. Harmonizing to the study, adolescents largely think that equal force per unit area and wonder are the chief grounds of drugs maltreatment, after that follow the helter-skelter place environment, deficiency of fond regard to parents, aggression and holding merriment. It is believed that they agree equals to a great extent influence the pick of taking drugs, every bit good as exhilaration seeking. Besides, they can understand that drugs abuse can be related to job of household. For illustration, drug maltreater may desire to utilize drugs to bury about the strivings and adversities. Since drugs abuse becomes a serious long term job today, several recommendations on how authorities can supply aids are given and discussed in the following. Recommendations After look intoing the respondents positions on the grounds of drug maltreatment and rehabilitation, there are several recommendations, which could be good in assisting adolescents to avoid and cover with drug maltreatment in order to obtain a more healthy life. Preventing Drug Abuse Drug maltreatment can be prevented by uncluttering up the factors which may deteriorate to drug maltreatment. Here are some recommendations on those factors: Parents help to battle equal force per unit area From the study, more than half of respondents choose which pushed equal force per unit area as the highest graded ground. In order to avoid the negative effects due to this factor, parents are recommended to prosecute the followers methods which are suggested by Family First Aid of the United States. Communication: Parents should speak with adolescents on a regular basis to understand their psychological province whether teens are depressed under equal force per unit area. Having clear outlooks: Parents should speak with teens about the clear outlook such as promoting them to take positive friends when they were immature. Know adolescents friends and their parents: Parents should cognize the friends parents to allow the adolescents cognizing that they are checked up sometimes by naming the friends parents. Furthermore, parents can besides seek to do their place to be an inviting topographic point for teens. Hence, it can oversee them more easy. The above methods are already plenty for parents to forestall their kid far from peer force per unit area. Parents help to cut down adolescents wonder In add-on to battling peer force per unit area, parents should besides assist striplings to fulfill their wonder. The efficiency methods are the followerss. Stating the serious effects of holding drug maltreatment to take their funny on drugs when adolescents are immature Helping adolescents to develop a good value and attitude to forestall drugs abuse Teaching the right manner for the drug usage, such as obey the physicians order to utilizing drugs Warning the adolescents when they are utilizing the drug by themselves determination Above methods are helpful for adolescents to hold a good wont on drug usage. Schools aid to heighten the instruction on adolescents to forestall drug maltreatment Harmonizing to our study, over 35 % of respondents select No cognition about rehabilitation interventions. Beside, cognition of drugs is besides important for adolescents. Therefore, school or instruction authorization should take a duty for educating adolescents about drugs substances, bar, and intervention. The undermentioned events can be held in order to catch adolescents involvements: Keeping negotiations of ex-drug nut and Adding the moral instruction to be regular lesson Keeping the some competitions about anti-drugs, such as posting and slogan competitions Since there are many adolescents who are taking drugs are misconception on drug maltreatment, school instruction would be an of import character to rectify their misinterpretation. Deal with Family Problems Lack of concern, is a common household jobs that may take to youth drug maltreaters. However, Family jobs are hard to work out by adolescents, since they may non hold much authorization to voice their feelings during the detonation of emotion of their parents. Then, how to cover with household jobs? It s the duty of Parents that continually let the younger coevals cognizing you care about them ( Sherman ) . Furthermore, Adolescents could speak to them in a peace state of affairs in order to allow them hold an rousing to the jobs. Arousal the jobs is the first measure of work outing them. Furthermore, Harmonizing to Jacobs, there are 5 instructions for forestalling and work outing the struggle: Do non respond instantly, but think about the jobs rationally. Do nt state anything, if it would nt assist to better the state of affairs. Do non dish the dirt. Make seek the best to set household foremost. Make non be antagonized by hurtful unfavorable judgment. In dependence, You ca nt pick your household, but you can pick your friends. said Sherman. Adolescents can widen the web of good friends. Social support is really of import when you feel down and dying. But, significantly, Do non run into the friend that may entice or even hale you to take drugs.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Report - Essay Example The four components are, Consumption, Investment, Government Purchases and Net exports. 2008 The period under consideration is the two last quarters in 2008 i.e. the third and fourth quarters. In the third quarter, the US GDP decreased by -3.7% , this decrease was informed by a ragged growth in the four areas, Consumption, Investment, Net exports, and Government expenditure. Consumption was down to -3.8%, investment went down to -16.5%, and government expenditure was the only positive component at 4.3%. In the fourth quarter GDP deteriorated further registering a contraction to -8.9%. This contraction was informed by a -5.1% contraction in consumption, -33.9% contractions in investment and a further decline of government expenditure to 1.6%. 2009 In 2009, though the GDP was still recording negative GDP, there was a slight improvement as growth went up to -5.3% compared to the -8.9% recorded in the last quarter of 2008. This slight growth in GDP was informed by a -1.6 growth in consum ption, a further decline to -43% in investment, and a slight increase in government expenditure from 1.6% to 1.8%. In the second quarter the GDP continued to improve from -5.3% the previous quarter to -0.3%. This marked improvement was as a result of -1.8% decline in consumption (compared to -1.6% the previous quarter), -27.1% increase in investment, and a marked improvement of government spending to 9.6%. In the third quarter, the GDP continued to grow, for the first time in four quarters it recorded a positive figure of 1.4%. This was informed by a 2.1% growth in consumption, a -1.7% improvement in investment, and a 3.7 rise in government spending/expenditure. In the last quarter of 2009, the GDP increased further to a marked rise of 4.0%. In this quarter, consumption remained the same, investment went up by 41.4%, and government spending went up by 1.1%. 2010 In the first quarter of 2010, the GDP failed to register continued growth from the figures recorded in the last quarter of 2009. Instead, it grew by 2.3% which was a 1.7% decline in growth. This was informed by a 2.5% growth in consumption, a 19.8% growth in investment and

Investigation of the relationship between gender and grades Essay

Investigation of the relationship between gender and grades - Essay Example The Study Background of the Study Boys and girls have been noted to perform differently in different grades at schools. While some researchers believe that this is because of the difference in their attitudes, there are those that believe that there are other factors contributing towards the difference in performance. For instance, we have a significant difference in grade level and gender in primary schools and the student attitude towards scientific and mathematical subjects. However, this is not the only case. This is because although student attitude changes depending on subjects and as their grade level rises, capabilities, and grasping ability also play a part in regulating the way students perform at the schools. In the contemporary society, studies have revealed that the female students form the largest group of students attending school at a late age across all nations. However, while this is more prevalent at the higher levels of learning, the studies also show that they ar e represented all over from elementary to graduate school. Furthermore, even despite the fact that they commence their studies at a late age, they are less represented in different levels of study (Emslie, Hunt, & Macintyre, 1999). In further exploring on how female students perform El Rafei (2009) observes that these students are also left out of science and mathematics subjects. Therefore, he further goes to elaborate that if the trend continues in the schools at the United States, the country faces a potential of a serious shortfall in the number of female students undertaking fields in subjects such as science and mathematics. In support of these assertions by El Rafei, Emslie, Hunt, and Macintyre (1999) explain that the ultimately, the female students might not be failing at higher levels of leraning due to their negligence or lack of concetration. This is because these students received a poor background in these subjects as they were undergoing their prepartion classes at the early elementary grade school. Therefore, this undermined their success rates at the high schools and colleges. Ultimately, they avoid the subject fields and this affects their career choices in life. Therefore, it is important that all students, especially the female students and the minority groups receive adequate training and preparation for their science and mathematics subjects at an early stage. This is because adequate preparation enables them to develop social and intellectual interest in the subjects. Furthermore, it also assists them to participate fully in their technological societies as they seek to contribute to the society. However, it is not always that female students get interested in studying sceince and mathemenatics subjects. In any case, a basic understanding of the students in these subjects is critical. However, this is not so that they make career choices related to the fields. This is because it enhances their ability to think and make calculated decision s in their lives. Description of the Study The objective of the study is to investigate grade level and gender and their association with the overall performance of students at in high school. However, while all subjects were considered, the main area of focus was mathematics and science subjects for students at the 9th and 10th grade. As the study began, a number of questionnaires were administered to over 500 students in these two grades. For comprehensive analysis, two

Health Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Information Systems - Essay Example Moreover, implementation of Cisco devices would add more reliability to the existing system and help the professionals to obtain the best results. The medical center is facing several problems, which are giving rise to numerous other critical issues in regards of patient care and medication. In such a state of affair, the board of directors needs to sort out the core problems and make arrangements for the medical center to function properly. The standard of patient care needs to be improved and a feasible technological solution is to be implemented. It is the very duty of the advisory committee to examine the possible options that can aid in the better functioning of the hospital and help the hospital staff in building a standard work culture. There are errors in patient medication, maintenance of lab records and patient charts, prompt communication, etc. Doctors are not getting sufficient, authentic, and timely information of their patients, and nurses are receiving incorrect or incomplete orders from the physicians. There are problems in the radiology department and pathology labs. A combined effect of these problems is culminating at occasional critical incidences and loss of hospital reputation. The idea of the CTO is very much in compliance with the hospital’s genuine requirements. If the medical professionals are enabled to access and exploit the hospital information system anywhere and anytime, several vital issues can be really solved. The following recommendations are intended to create a proper roadmap in this concern: 1. Implementation of IEEE 802.11g: The IEEE 802.11g networks use a 25 MHz channel and a spatial stream with the aid of a single antenna, providing only a single transmit/receive path between all the wireless access points and devices. It can obtain a speed up to 54 Mbps. 2. Implementation of IEEE 802.11n: Using the Multiple Input

Tables for refrigerant of R134a in the domestic refrigerator

Tables for refrigerant of R134a in the domestic refrigerator CHAPTER -4 RESULTS DISCUSSION 4.1 Experimental Procedure on Running Refrigeration Tutor 4.1.1 Tables for refrigerant of R134a in the domestic refrigerator Table reading taken from the process of R134a refrigerant placed within the experimental setup. Note the reading of compressor water, mechanical device outlet condenser outlet, evaporator temperature pressure & of varied parameters within the setup. This is the normal domestic refrigerator having refrigerant 180 grams placed in the system. Table 4.1.1 Reading of R134a Refrigerant without Heat Exchanger This is the heat exchanger domestic refrigerator having refrigerant 150 grams placed in the system, experimental setup is same procedure is same as normal domestic refrigerator. Table 4.1.2 Reading of R134a Refrigerant with Heat Exchanger 4.1.2 Tables for refrigerant of R410a in the domestic refrigerator Table 4.1.2.1 Reading for R410a without Heat Exchanger Table reading taken from the experimental procedure of R410a refrigerant placed in the experimental setup . Note down reading as per procedure placed in third chapter-3 This is the normal domestic refrigerator having refrigerant 120 grams placed in the system Table 4.1.2.2 Reading for R410a Refrigerant with Heat Exchanger This is the heat exchanger domestic refrigerator having refrigerant 105 grams placed in the system. Experimental setup is same procedure is same as normal domestic refrigerator. 4.2 Calculation the Coefficient of Performance a Refrigerator Tutor 4.2.1 Calculating COP of R134a Normal Heat Exchanger Domestic Refrigerator Sample Calculation for R134a Normal Refrigerator: Taking valves from table 4.1.1 of following parameter Evaporator temperature :T1 0c:-9.3 Pressure (bar) : P1:0.55 Compressor temperature (outlet): T2 0c:57.5 Pressure (bar): P2:11.72 Condenser temperature (outlet):T3 0c:44 Pressure (bar): P3:11.03 Taking reading and seeing enthalpy values from the data handbook with having refrigerant R134a PH chart Evaporator enthalpy H1:585KJ/Kg K Compressor enthalpy H2:615KJ/Kg K Condensed enthalpy H3:460KJ/Kg K C.O.P :(H1-H3)/(H2-H1) :(585-460)/ (615-585) C.O.P:4.16 Sample Calculation for R134a with Heat Exchanger Refrigerator: Taking valves from table 4.1.2 of following parameter Evaporator temperature :T1 0c:-9.6 Pressure (bar) : P1:0.58 Compressor temperature (outlet): T2 0c:55.6 Pressure (bar): P2:15.72 Condenser temperature (outlet):T3 0c:41.6 Pressure (bar): P3:15.03 Taking reading and seeing enthalpy values from the data handbook with having refrigerant R134a PH chart Evaporator enthalpy H1:587KJ/Kg K Compressor enthalpy H2:617KJ/Kg K Condensed enthalpy H3:458KJ/Kg K C.O.P :(H1-H3)/ (H2-H1) :(587-458)/ (617-587) C.O.P:4.3 Table 4.2.1 C.O.P of R134a refrigerant with without H.E Figure 4.2.1 Graph Shows C.O.P of R134a refrigerant with without H.E 4.2.2 Calculating COP of R1410a Normal Heat Exchanger Domestic Refrigerator Sample Calculation for R410a Normal Refrigerator: Taking valves from table 4.1.2.1 of following parameter Evaporator temperature :TÂ ­1 0c:-12 Pressure (bar) : P1:1.103 Compressor temperature (outlet): T2 0c:56.8 Pressure (bar): P2:30 Condenser temperature (outlet):T3 0c:43.9 Pressure (bar): P3:29.65 Taking reading and seeing enthalpy values from the data handbook with having refrigerant R410a PH chart Evaporator enthalpy H1:434.6KJ/Kg K Compressor enthalpy H2:441KJ/Kg K Condensed enthalpy H3:423KJ/Kg K C.O.P :(H1-H3)/ (H2-H1) :(434.6-423)/ (441-434.6) C.O.P:1.81 Sample Calculation for R410a with Heat Exchanger Refrigerator: Taking valves from table 4.1.2.2 of following parameter Evaporator temperature :T1 0c:-11.5 Pressure (bar) : P1:1.24 Compressor temperature (outlet): T2 0c:52.3 Pressure (bar): P2:30.34 Condenser temperature (outlet):T3 0c:42.6 Pressure (bar): P3:30.00 Taking reading and seeing enthalpy values from the data handbook with having refrigerant R410a PH chart Evaporator enthalpy H1:414.9KJ/Kg K Compressor enthalpy H2:425.4KJ/Kg K Condensed enthalpy H3:436.4KJ/Kg K C.O.P :(H1-H3)/ (H2-H1) :(414.9-436.4)/ (414.9-425.4) C.O.P:2.047 Table 4.2.2 Represent C.O.P of R410a without With H.E Figure 4.2.2 Graph Shows COP Of R410a without With H.E 4.3 Comparison of Discharge Temperature of R134 R410a Refrigerant 4.3.1 Comparison of Discharge Temperature of R134a without With H.E: Following table show difference between normal heat exchanger refrigeration tutor working of compressor discharge temperature thus shows the by using heat exchanger there is decrease in temperature . This leads to improve the performance of system compared to normal refrigerator tutor Table 4.3.1 Shows Compressor Discharge Temperature of Normal H.E Tutor Figure 4.3.1 Graph Shows Compressor Discharge Temperature Difference 4.3.2 Comparison of Discharge Temperature of R410a without With H.E: Following table show difference between normal heat exchanger refrigeration tutor working of compressor discharge temperature thus shows the by using heat exchanger there is decrease in temperature . This leads to improve the performance of system compared to normal refrigerator tutor Table 4.3.2 Shows Compressor Discharge Temperature of Normal H.E System Figure 4.3.2 Graph Shows Compressor Discharge Temperature Difference 4.4 Comparison of Refrigerator Tutor Running Time by Using Various Refrigerants in the System 4.4.1 Comparing Running Time Consumption R134a Refrigerator Tutor Without With H.E: When running of refrigerator tutor time calculates to get final refrigeration effect in the evaporator, when staring from end of cut-off time is taken by the refrigerator tutor. Table 4.4.1 Time Taken for Running R134a Refrigerator Tutor without with H.E In this process found that time is decreased when tin the H.E refrigerator running time compared to normal refrigerator without H.E. Figure 4.4.1 Graph Shows Difference of Time Taken for Running Refrigeration system 4.4.2 Comparing Running Time Consumption R410a Refrigerator Tutor Without With H.E: When the running mode of refrigerator tutor time calculate to get final refrigeration effect in the evaporator, when staring from end of cut-off time is taken by the refrigerator tutor .In this process found that time is decreased when tin the H.E refrigerator running time compared to normal refrigerator without H.E. Table 4.4.2 Time Taken for Running R410a Refrigerator without with H.E Figure No 4.4.2 Shows Difference of Time Taken For Running Refrigeration 4.5 Calculating Energy Consumption of Various Refrigerant using without with H.E 4.5.1 Calculating the Energy Consumption for the Domestic Refrigerator for Running System: By giving electric power to refrigerator tutor energy meter placed to output supply to calculate energy consumption .Taking the reading from table 4.1.14.1.2 evaporator, 5 revolution of energy meter in seconds. Hence calculate the energy consumption into hours. At -9Â ºc freezer point time taken for 5 revolution of energy meter is 60second Energy meter constant :1200revolution: 1 KW :1200=3600Kj 1 revolution:3600/1200 Kj/rev For 5 revolution :(5*3600)/ (60*1200) Energy consumption: 0.25Kw-hr Table 4.5.1 Reading of Energy Consumption (KW) of Domestic Refrigerator during operation Figure 4.5.1 Shows the Difference of Energy Consumption in Without With H.E 4.5.2 Calculating the Energy Consumption for the Domestic Refrigerator for Running System: By giving electric power to refrigerator tutor energy meter placed to output supply to calculate energy consumption .Taking the reading from table 4.1.2.1 4.1.2.2 evaporator, 5 revolution of energy meter in seconds. Hence calculate the energy consumption into hours. At -10Â ºc freezer point time taken for 5 revolution of energy meter is 38.12second Energy meter constant :1200revolution: 1 KW :1200=3600KJ 1 revolution:3600/1200 KJ/rev For 5 revolution :(5*3600)/ (38.12*1200) Energy consumption: 0.393kw-hr Table 4.5.2 Reading of Energy Consumption (kw) of Domestic Refrigerator during Operation Freezer cut-off point OC -10 -12 -14.1 -16.8 -19.6 R410a Without H.E 0.393 0.385 0.383

America Must Learn to Respect the Elderly Essay -- Argumentative Persu

America Must Learn to Respect the Elderly It is blatantly evident that America is a country in which youth is king. Everyone wants to look young, feel young, and possess that youthful vigor and dynamism that is so highly respected by both the media and by the public. Our shelves are stocked with products to make us appear younger in any way, shape, or form; our most popular reality TV shows revolve around the lives of the young and beautiful. It seems that America’s population has forgotten that with luck, some day we will all become older. We will become those wrinkly, slow, and uncannily wise beings that hover in the background of today’s society. And what kind of life will we find once we reach that invisible point? Today’s elderly are treated with resentment and antagonism that is in appalling opposition to the respect that they deserve. In many other countries around the globe, especially in the East, growing older is an outward sign of one’s increase in knowledge and experiences. Because of this healthily accurate image of aging, the process is seen as admirable; grand...